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• PASS（Power Analysis and Sample Size）是用于效能分析和樣本量估計(jì)的統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件包，是市場研究中非常好的效能檢驗(yàn)的軟件。它能對數(shù)十種統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)檢驗(yàn)條件下的檢驗(yàn)效能和樣本含量進(jìn)行估計(jì)，主要包括區(qū)間估計(jì)、均數(shù)比較、率的比較、相關(guān)與回歸分析和病例隨訪資料分析等情形。該軟件界面友好，功能齊全，操作簡便。用戶不需要精通統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)知識，只要確定醫(yī)學(xué)研究設(shè)計(jì)方案，并提供相關(guān)信息，就可通過簡單的菜單操作，估計(jì)出檢驗(yàn)效能和樣本含量。
• PASS特點(diǎn)
• 一個(gè)或兩個(gè)均值檢驗(yàn)
• PASS包含60多種用于樣本量估計(jì)的工具和一個(gè)、兩個(gè)、或同時(shí)兩個(gè)不同均值的效能檢驗(yàn)比對，包括t檢驗(yàn)、等價(jià)性檢驗(yàn)、非劣效性檢驗(yàn)、交叉檢驗(yàn)、無參數(shù)檢驗(yàn)、仿真檢驗(yàn)等等。每一個(gè)過程的使用都很簡單，并且經(jīng)過了精密的準(zhǔn)確性驗(yàn)證。
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• 多均值檢驗(yàn)
• PASS包含幾種用于樣本量估計(jì)的工具和三個(gè)或更多不同均值的效能檢驗(yàn)比對。包括ANOVA、混合模型、多重對比、多變量方差分析和重復(fù)測量等等。每一個(gè)過程的使用都很簡單，并且經(jīng)過了精密的準(zhǔn)確性驗(yàn)證。
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• 相關(guān)性檢驗(yàn)
• PASS包含幾種用于樣本量估計(jì)的工具和相關(guān)性效能檢驗(yàn)，包括單相關(guān)性和雙相關(guān)性檢驗(yàn)、單相關(guān)性的置信區(qū)間、組內(nèi)相關(guān)性檢驗(yàn)。PASS還可以計(jì)算樣本量和效能，用于檢驗(yàn)系數(shù)的透明度，檢驗(yàn)兩個(gè)評價(jià)指標(biāo)間一致性的kappa值和線性一致性相關(guān)系數(shù)。每一個(gè)過程的使用都很簡單，并且經(jīng)過了精密的準(zhǔn)確性驗(yàn)證。
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• 正態(tài)性檢驗(yàn)
• PASS包含對8種不同正態(tài)性檢驗(yàn)方法的樣本量計(jì)算和效能檢驗(yàn)。使用過程很簡單，并且都經(jīng)過了準(zhǔn)確性驗(yàn)證。
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• 方差和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差
• PASS包含了多種對方差和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差的樣本量計(jì)算和效能檢驗(yàn)方法，包括單一方差和兩個(gè)方差的檢驗(yàn)、單方差的置信區(qū)間檢驗(yàn)、兩個(gè)方差比值的置信區(qū)間檢驗(yàn)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差的置信區(qū)間檢驗(yàn)。每一個(gè)過程的使用都很簡單，并且經(jīng)過了精密的準(zhǔn)確性驗(yàn)證。
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• 回歸檢驗(yàn)
• PASS包含了幾種用于回歸分析的樣本量計(jì)算和效能檢驗(yàn)方法，包括線性回歸、線性回歸斜率的置信區(qū)間、多重回歸、多因素回歸、泊松回歸和邏輯回歸。每一個(gè)過程的使用都很簡單，并且經(jīng)過了精密的準(zhǔn)確性驗(yàn)證。
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• 一比重檢驗(yàn)
• PASS包含了20多種用于一比重的樣本量計(jì)算和效能檢驗(yàn)工具，包括z檢驗(yàn)、等價(jià)性檢驗(yàn)、非劣效性檢驗(yàn)、置信區(qū)間檢驗(yàn)和條件效能檢驗(yàn)等等。每一個(gè)過程的使用都很簡單，并且經(jīng)過了精密的準(zhǔn)確性驗(yàn)證。
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• 二比重檢驗(yàn)
• PASS包含了50多種用于二比重的樣本量計(jì)算和效能檢驗(yàn)工具，包括z檢驗(yàn)、等價(jià)性檢驗(yàn)、非劣效性檢驗(yàn)、置信區(qū)間檢驗(yàn)、相關(guān)比例檢驗(yàn)、隨機(jī)聚類檢驗(yàn)和條件效能檢驗(yàn)等等。每一個(gè)過程的使用都很簡單，并且經(jīng)過了精密的準(zhǔn)確性驗(yàn)證。
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• 卡方和其它比重檢驗(yàn)
• PASS包含幾種用于多比重的樣本量計(jì)算和效能檢驗(yàn)工具，包括卡方檢驗(yàn)、 Cochran-Armitage、二序分類變量檢驗(yàn)、靈敏性和特效性檢驗(yàn)等等。每一個(gè)過程的使用都很簡單，并且經(jīng)過了精密的準(zhǔn)確性驗(yàn)證。
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• 殘存檢驗(yàn)
• PASS包含了25種用于殘存方法的樣本量計(jì)算和效能檢驗(yàn)工具，包括時(shí)序檢驗(yàn)、非劣效性檢驗(yàn)、組連續(xù)性檢驗(yàn)、條件效能檢驗(yàn)等等。每一個(gè)過程的使用都很簡單，并且經(jīng)過了精密的準(zhǔn)確性驗(yàn)證。
• PASS 2019的系統(tǒng)要求
• 要運(yùn)行PASS 2019，您的計(jì)算機(jī)至少必須符合以下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：
• 處理器：
• 450 MHz或更快的處理器
• 32位（x86）或64位（x64）處理器
• 內(nèi)存：
• 256MB（推薦512MB）
• 操作系統(tǒng)：
• Windows 10或更高版本
• Windows 8.1、8
• Windows 7的Windows Vista Service Pack 2或更高版本
• Windows Server 2016或更高版本
• Windows Server 2012 R2
• Windows Server 2012
• Windows Server 2008 SP2 / R2
• 特權(quán)：
• 僅在安裝期間需要管理權(quán)限
• 硬盤空間：
• PASS 300 MB（如果尚未安裝，則加上Microsoft .NET 4.6的空間）
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• 英文介紹
• PASS software is an easy-to-use research tool for determining the number of subjects that should be used in a study. As the leader in sample size technology, PASS performs power analysis and calculates sample sizes for over 200 statistical tests and confidence intervals. With more sample size options than any other package, ASS is the best rsearch planning tool on the market.
  
• PASS Upgrade Information
• Updated and/or Improved Procedures in PASS 2019
• Conditional Power
• Conditional Power of Logrank Tests
• Conditional Power of Tests for the Difference Between Two Proportions
• Conditional Power of Tests for One Proportion
• Conditional Power of Tests for Two Means in a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Conditional Power of Paired T-Tests
• Conditional Power of Two-Sample T-Tests
• Conditional Power of One-Sample T-Tests
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• Survival
• Tests for the Difference of Two Hazard Rates Assuming an Exponential Model
• Tests for Two Survival Curves Using Cox's Proportional Hazards Model
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• Non-Inferiority Logrank Tests
• Non-Inferiority Tests for Two Survival Curves Using Cox's Proportional Hazards Model
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Difference of Two Hazard Rates Assuming an Exponential Model
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• Superiority by a Margin Tests for Two Survival Curves Using Cox's Proportional Hazards Model
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Difference of Two Hazard Rates Assuming an Exponential Model
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• Equivalence Tests for Two Survival Curves Using Cox's Proportional Hazards Model
• Equivalence Tests for the Difference of Two Hazard Rates Assuming an Exponential Model
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• Proportions
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Difference Between Two Proportions
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Ratio of Two Proportions
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Odds Ratio of Two Proportions
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• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Difference Between Two Correlated Proportions
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Ratio of Two Correlated Proportiona
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• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Difference of Two Proportions in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Ratio of Two Proportions in a Cluster-Randomized Design
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• Equivalence Tests for the Difference Between Two Proportions
• Equivalence Tests for the Ratio of Two Proportions
• Equivalence Tests for the Odds Ratio of Two Proportions
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• Equivalence Tests for the Difference of Two Proportions in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Equivalence Tests for the Ratio of Two Proportions in a Cluster-Randomized Design
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• Equivalence Tests for the Difference Between Two Correlated Proportions
• Equivalence Tets for the Ratio of Two Correlated Proportions
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• Non-Zero Null Tests for the Difference Between Two Proportions
• Non-Unity Null Tests for the Ratio of Two Proportions
• Non-Unity Null Tests for the Odds Ratio of Two Proportions
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• Non-Zero Null Tests for the Difference of Two Proportions in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Non-Unity Null Tests for the Ratio of Two Proportions in a Cluster-Randomized Design
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• Tests for Two Proportions in a Stratified Design （Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Tests）
• Tests for Two Proportions in a Cluster-Randomized Design
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• Means
• One-Sample T-Tests for Superiority by a Margin
• One-Sample T-Tests for Non-Inferiority
• One-Sample T-Tests for Equivalence
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• Paired T-Tests for Equivalence
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• Two-Sample T-Tests Assuming Equal Variance
• Two-Sample T-Tests Allowing Unequal Variance
• Two-Sample T-Tests for Equivalence Assuming Equal Variance
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• Tests for the Ratio of Two Means
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Ratio of Two Means
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Ratio of Two Means
• Equivalence Tests for the Ratio Two Means
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• Tests for the Difference Between Two Means in a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Tests for the Ratio of Two Means in a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Difference Between Two Means in a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Ratio of Two Means in a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Difference of Two Means in a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Ratio of Two Means in a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Equivalence Tests for the Difference Between Two Means in a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Equivalence Tests for the Ratio of Two Means in a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
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• Tests for Two Means in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Non-Inferiority Tests for Two Means in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for Two Means in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Equivalence Tests for Two Means in a Cluster-Randomized Design
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• Hotelling's One-Sample T2
• Hotelling's Two-Sample T2
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• Multiple Testing for One Mean（One-Sample or Paired Data）
• Multiple Testing for Two Means
• Linear Regression Slope
• Confidence Intervals for Linear Regression Slope
• Conefficient Alpha
• Tests for One Coefficient Alpha
• Tests for Two Coeffcient Alphas
• Variances
• Tests for One Variance
• Compatibility of PASS 2019
• PASS 2019 is fully compatible with Windows 10, 8.1, 8, 7, and Vista SP2, on both 32-bit and 64-bit operating systems.